Luis Felipe Fabre
Pasiphae
A dance: this is what I remember. A dance as dream, a hallucination, a trance, this is what I remember from the staging I saw in 2003. But, what did I see? What do I see now? More than the artworks inside the gallery I see the impossible: remnants of a dream, an archeological site uncovering not a fragment in history but a myth, an illusion of a queen’s tomb. Her gleaming burial dowry is proof of it happening, still happens sometimes, that same bloody orgy between gods, mortals, animals and monsters.
It is said the labyrinth was originally a dance. Daedalus’ construction of a dance floor for Ariadne is narrated by Homer. In some versions of the myth Theseus, leaving the labyrinth after killing the Minotaur, dances the intricate crane dance mimicking it’s own secret. That’s what I saw. That’s what I remember: a labyrinthine dance.
Who would’ve thought the ambitious search of Sir Arthur John Evans, the amateur archeologist to whom we owe the discovery and, in great measure, the invention of Minoan culture while excavating Knossos at the beginning of the 20th century, would appear years later in Mexico City. And is only through theatre’s rarest moments, theatre in alliance with poetry, where myth emerges from it’s darkest strata to a place the archeologist did not seem to arrive but where Juan José Gurrola’s mise en scene of Henri de Montherlant’s beautiful dramatic poem did. I saw Pasiphae. I swear I saw queen Pasiphae dancing in a labyrinth of terror and desire.
A labyrinth? Doesn’t it appear, according to the narrative’s structure, after the Minotaur’s birth and built under King Minos instruction in order to confine it? Montherlant’s text chants the prior moment: his poetry is the music leading Pasiphae’s steps into the tragic episode, right before her destiny is fulfilled and has shaped it as her desire from which the Minotaur would be created. But Gurrola knew that in myth there is no before or after, it’s all there happening simultaneously. He knew Pasiphae’s steps are the labyrinth and in its center one finds the desired bull, in other words, her monstrous desire, meaning herself.
Pasiphae: daughter of Helios, sun; sister of Circe, sorcerer; aunt of Medea, sorcerer as well and enamored and tragic; wife of King Minos, daughter-in-law of Europa, the princess abducted by Zeus’ white bull and great granddaughter of Io, the disgraced princess converted into a cow for her love of Zeus; mother of Ariadne, Phaedra and Asterion, the Minotaur; but mostly and to everyone, herself: no one as such as she, Pasiphae, and the attainment of her desire. At least this is how she is described in Montherlant’s text and in Raul Falcó’s translation and in Gurrola’s interpretation, in the gleaming copper and bronce of James Matcalf and Ana Pellicer, in Vera Larrosa’s body on the first staging Gurrola made in 1983 and in Katia Tirado’s body in 2003.
Looking at Gurrola’s, Metcalf’s, Pellicer’s “La Máquina de Dédalo” (Daedalus’ Machine) a gleam of bronce sparkles: doesn’t Pasiphae turn into a bull instead of a cow as she inserts herself into it? Pasiphae is the cow and the bull and her body a labyrinth where in it’s center the Minotaur stands: Ariadne’s string, another entanglement, brings to mind an umbilical cord.
Looking at “La Máquina de Dédalo” a spark of copper shines: Pasiphae’s disguise as cow is the Troyan horse of desire.
Pasiphae, who’s name means wide-shining for all, of all, in other words, the moon. The bull’s and moon’s affairs are a labyrinth as old as night. And sometimes the moon as well has horns: waxing crescent, waning crescent. I’d like to see Metcalf’s and Pellicer’s copper and bronce in the moonlight. I’m sure that still now they could reflect Eros’ primeval beams.
PASIPHAE
Juan José Gurrola, James Metcalf and Ana Pellicer at Gaga from July 22nd through September 4th, 2021. Research by: Angélica García y Mauricio Marcin. Special thanks to Rosa Gurrola, Patricia Sloane and Colección y Archivo de Fundación Televisa.
Installation
views
Works
Gaga is pleased to present the first solo exhibition of James Metcalf at the gallery. This project is part of a series that aims to review the work of artists from other generations and introduce it into dialogue with the contemporary art scene in Mexico.
Despite the fact that metal has been, without comparison, the most important element in human development during the last three thousand years, the visual arts discipline that has been least understood by laymen as well as critics is undoubtedly that of metal work. The two main reasons for this situation are: first, that the economic value of metal itself explains the fact that our museums lack adequate examples for the study of the development of metal art. Although this void exists in the treasures of all cultures, nowhere is the contrast so great as among the almost incredible descriptions of the magnificence of metal art that were contemplated by the first Europeans who came to America, and what is seen today.
The second reason is that the metal worker’s creativity was the main victim of the Industrial Revolution; his talent was perverted to extinction by the growing demands imposed on design. The exhibited works in this show have been chosen, whenever possible, to illustrate the different stages of an artist’s struggle to rectify this misunderstanding and reinstate metal sculpture in its rightful place as a direct creative medium. None of these works owes its origin to a model made in another material, as is the case of most of the sculptures cast today, which are reproductions from models in plaster and clay. Nor are these accumulations of found objects, soldered to form a collage. When using the technique of die-cutting, so common in today’s industry, the dies have been cut in steel by me.
The oldest work among those exhibited, Lady Macbeth, can be noted as a work from a formative period because it retains the appearance of the flat sheet from which it was made and demonstrates the technical difficulty of the medium. In the later pieces, the simple ruled surface of the metal sheet begins to assimilate the tension and vitality of a skin that covers, and the technique, which is becoming more competent and less obvious, begins to submit to the work as a whole. The natural shape and almost automatic way in which metal lends itself to become a metaphor for the human body, as in Horns of Consecration, seems to give a literal substance to the myths of the creation of peoples as far apart as the Greeks of the Aegean and the Tarascans of Michoacan, who believed that the first man was made of metal by a smith god.
Metcalf’s knowledge of metal allows him to unwind spontaneously, without visible effort, the deep sensuality of his Irish temperament, to humanize the perfect, incisive, polished, iridescent, galvanized forms. Under his hands copper takes shape, it becomes flesh and sex, breast, elbow fold. These sexed elements (there are masculine and phallic shapes, living forms that oppose full elements and fleshy curves) are organized in general according to a rigorously controlled equilibrium that could be defined as a “thrown staticity” … It is in this internal organic complexity (curious atmosphere of bedroom and hospital, of love and appendicitis) where the authentic and original Metcalf language is elaborated day by day, and every day with greater security. Its strength lies in the localized and precise selection that is constrained by its technique of welding-assembling individual forms; it is noticed there as a genius of these impacts, of these encounters, of these dialectical clashes resolved in synthesis.
Pierre Restany, July 1967
Catalog for the exhibition ‘Esculturas de James Metcalf” at Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico
James Metcalf (born New York, 1925 – 2012) He was the son of two stained glass artists. After enlisting in the American army during World War II, Metcalf studied art at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts and later at the Central School of Arts and Crafts in London founded by William Morris. Later in Majorca he established a close relationship with the poet Robert Graves for whom he illustrated with woodcut Adam’s Rib and Homer’s Daughter. In Barcelona, Metcalf met Bill Copley who invited him to participate in what would be his first exhibition. Later he moved to Paris and located himself in Copley’s studio, which was previously the studio of Max Ernst, in the Impasse Ronsin where Brancusi, Niki de Saint Phalle, Tinguely and the Lalanne’s also had their studios. In Paris he also establishes a relationship with Marcel Duchamp, Yves Klein and the group of Mexican intellectuals who lived there; Metcalf is the one who introduces Octavio Paz with Duchamp. In the 1960s he moved permanently to Mexico, specifically to Santa Clara del Cobre, Michoacán, a place with a millenary tradition of copper work, where he came at the recommendation of Víctor Fosado. In 1976, in Santa Clara and together with Ana Pellicer they establish the School of Arts and Crafts ‘Adolfo Best Maugard’ that would revolutionize in a theoretical, social and technological sense the town of Santa Clara, schools of arts and crafts and ideas and divisions between art and crafts. Among his exhibitions are show at Alexander Iolas, the Galerie du Dragon, Documenta III and Galerie J of Janine de Goldschmidt, wife of Pierre Restany, and the Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico. In 1968 he obtained the commission for the cauldron of the Olympic Games in Mexico.
Installation
views
Works
This exhibition constitutes the first part of a project that will conclude this January 2014 at Galerie Francesca Pia in Zurich and aims to analyze constellations and relationships that are beyond practices, disciplines and physical spaces taking as a departing point, five agents active since the 50´s until today. Building the sukka is not a historical exhibition nor an academic research but a first attempt in drafting a complex system of energies, influences and relationships between a series of artists that played many roles, inhabited different characters and whose histories were intertwined many times.
Bill Copley (b. New York City, 1919- 1996) was an artist, art dealer, collector, painter and editor. Throughout his life he was related and involved in many ways with surrealist and dadaist groups, the pop movement and several conceptual artists both in Europe and in the US. He held long and close friendships with characters such as Man Ray, Magritte, Marcel Duchamp and it was his foundation who donated Étant Donnés to the ICA in Philadelphia. Since the 60´s and until his death and due to his close friendship with James Metcalf, Copley visited Mexico on several occasions and produced the works that are exhibited today in Gaga, all part of the Pellicer Metcalf Collections. He exhibited until the end of his life his unique paintings, with his poignant sense of humor and recognizable style and took part in several exhibitions with Alexander Iolas, Michael Werner and Paul Kasmin. Selected group exhibitions include Documenta V and VII.
James Metcalf (b. New York City, 1925 – 2012) Both his parents where stained-glass artists. After enlisting in the army during WWII Metcalf studied in the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts and then at the William Morris Central School of Arts and Crafts in London. Later he moved to Majorca where he befriended the poet Robert Graves for whom he made wood engravings and illustrated his books Adam´s Rib and Homer’s Daughter. Later in Barcelona he met Copley and invited him to participate in what would be his first exhibition. He then took his practice to Paris where he settled in what was Copley’s studio, formerly Max Ernst’s, in the Impasse Ronsin neighboring the studios of Brancusi, Niki de Saint Phalle, Tinguely and the Lalannes. In Paris he also established a close friendship with a group of Mexican and Latin American intellectuals who lived in the French capital at the time. It was Metcalf who introduced Duchamp to Octavio Paz. In the 60´s he moved permanently to Santa Clara del Cobre, Mexico under the recommendation of Victor Fosado. Once in Santa Clara and together with Ana Pellicer he engaged in creating a school that forever changed in many aspects the way coppersmiths were taught and aimed to erase the divisions between artists and artisans, fine and popular arts etc. He exhibited his work with Alexander Iolas, Galerie du Dragon, Documenta II and Galerie J owned by Janine de Goldschmidt Restany.
Víctor Fosado Vázquez (b. Mexico City 1931-2002). Fosado is without any doubt one of the most complex characters in Mexico´s art history from the second half of the XX century. His father Victor Fosado Contreras together with Rene d´ Harnoncourt and Frederick Davis worked together from the 30´s to the 40´s in various ways trying to analyze and study the moments and places where folk and prehispanic art got mixed with the new ideas of the Modern. From that experience Victor Artes Populares was created in the 40’s, a store that later Víctor Jr. ran and is still exists under the direction of his sister Pilar. Apart from his research in folk art, the study and rescue of José Guadalupe Posada´s work and the multiple exhibitions he curated around the world, Fosado developed a unique practice as a goldsmith. For building the sukka we are presenting three works created in the 74, with Arnaldo Coen’s miniatures, as a small proof of his vast production, extraordinary talent and vision. He studied acting in Seki Sano´s workshop and was an actor in movies from directors Alejandro Jodorowsky, Paul Leduc and Alberto Isaac. He rescued and experimented with pre-Hispanic instruments and was part of several experimental music groups. He collaborated with Buñuel in movie selections and ran Las Musas a café and art center where a whole generation of artists and thinkers gathered.
Juan José Gurrola (b. Mexico City, 1935 – 2007) was mainly known as a theater director, playwright, translator and meteur en scene. He started his career in experimental theater in 1957 and directed and designed sets for more than 200 plays and operas from such diverse luminaries as John Ford, Ionesco, Picasso, Klossowski, E.E. Cummings and Nino Rota amongst others. Gurrola also developed a very prolific career as an artist, mainly as a painter, performer and in non-objectual art (a term used in Mexico in the 60´s to describe alternative practices). He collaborated with figures such as James Metcalf, Victor Fosado and David Hockney. He was a lecturer on various subjects, wrote articles and essays, and acted on different films and plays.
Ana Pellicer (b. Mexico City, 1946) Studied Art in the Arts Students League and the New School for Social Research in New York and currently lives and works in Santa Clara del Cobre, Michoacán. Pellicer founded, together with Metcalf, and based on the writings of Adolfo Best Maugard, William Morris and their experience as contemporary artists, the Adolfo Best Maugard School of Arts and Crafts. Since then she has developed a complex practice as a sculptor, goldsmith and teacher. In 1986 Pellicer started the project for the jewels for the Statue of Liberty, the earing being a part of this exhibition. Ana has published books on actress Pina Pellicer and together with Roy Skodnick she is preparing the first monograph on James Metcalf. She is now engaged in reforestation , ecology and art projects and her work is part of the sculpture garden of the Museum of Modern Art in Mexico City.
building the sukka
how to build a sukka? first we make three or four walls and then we make the roof out of plants. all different materials could be used for the walls. probably it is very helpful, to have in mind the great rabbi de Vries, who mentioned in some general explanation of the architecture of the synagogue, that the building is a sacred building, but it is not a sacred building. it’s function is just as a meeting place. saying this, he seemed to want to destroy in the reader any possible association with the form and idea of church buildings. one immediately understands what he is saying by this logically impossible contradiction. I had his sentence often in mind, when I was interrogated about what the galerie meerrettich is. or as was often formulated “what it really is”. the people of these questions obviously expressed a kind of identity problem, or an inability to understand language as a tool to express something clear and simple albeit contradictory or ambivalent. I said, “it is as simple as that, meerrettich is a gallery, but at the same time meerrettich for sure is not a gallery.” but responding in this very clear and simple way, I would find myself in an even worse situation. my answer was not taken with fun or pleasure and the typical reaction was another question: “so what are you, are you a gallerist or are you an artist?” I said, “well, when I am in the gallery, I am a gallerist, or at least I try to be, but when I am at home working, I am an artist”. To which my investigator would not be ashamed to ask “I wanted to know what you really are?” this dialogue happened for sure not just once. and even if the questions in themselves were not wrong, there was something wrong about them all together, and I kept wondering, what is the mechanism of the unpleasant feeling it creates. is it an obsession with identity, or of clean definitions, or simply a demand for purity? In between the lines, these interrogations seemed to express, “you can do everything, you can be everything, I am very open to everything, but I have to know what you exactly are” – the famous sentence ”you have to say it”. after these uncanny experiences with the new supposedly liberal culture of investigation, I would say, if the plans for building a succa are too complicated or too ununderstandable for you, just leave it that way. you don’t have to build one and you don’t have to understand and most important leave the people who are building one alone and let them just do it.
so, if you want to build a sukka, think of it as the most simple form of a meeting space and the walls can be of any material – they should just be strong enough to remain stable, when the wind comes. it might be better, if you make four walls if there is a door in one of them. with just three walls a door is not necessary. that should be enough for the walls. the construction of the ceiling is more complicated. not every material is good for it. it has to be made of plants. different to the walls, it should never have been used already for some other use, or made of a commodity or an object of use. we can use leftover material from trees, straw or similar material, wooden leftovers from boxes should be avoided, if the box has been used for other functions. it should not be edible material either and the wood should not be too much like boards, because they would remind us too much on the ceilings of houses. the halacha demands that the ceiling should be partly open, that you can see at least some of the stars during the night, but at the same time it demands that there be more shadow than sunlight in the sukka during the day. you should not use the material of the sukka for any other function during the sukkot week.
Josef Strau
GAGA wishes to thank Ana Pellicer, Ariane Pellicer, César Cervantes, Patricia Sloane, Paulina y Malinali Fosado Julien Cuisset, Mauricio Marcín, Luis Felipe Fabre, Jaime Soler Frost, Flor Edwarda Gurrola, Rosa Vivanco.